Reading List for 47,XYY Sydrome

Below is an annotated reading list for 47,XYY and related chromosome variations.  This reading list is presented in the following topical categories:

•   The Fetus with XYY and His Parents



•   The Basics about XYY Syndrome



•   Chromosomics & Genetics of XYY Syndrome



•   Resources



•   Treatment Resources: XYY Syndrome-Specific Resources



•   Research Advances



•   Y Chromosome News

The Fetus with XYY and His Parents

•   Prenatal Diagnosis of XYY syndrome (2002) This booklet was prepared by the Pacific Northwest Regional Genetics Group to provide families with information about prenatal testing results that indicate an XYY fetus. (download)


•   Diagnóstico Prenatal El Síndrome del 47,XYY (2002) This is a copy of the same booklet, in Spanish, prepared by the Pacific Northwest Regional Genetics Group to provide families with information about prenatal testing results that indicate an XYY fetus. (download)


•   Birth Defects Risk Factor Series: 47,XYY (Revised 2005) This booklet was prepared by the Texas Department of Health Services to provide families with basic information about XYY syndrome. (download)

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The Basics about XYY Syndrome

•   XYY Syndrome (An Overview on Wikipedia) Wikipedia is an organically growing encyclopedia composed by anyone who is interested in a topic and elects to edit and improve on what is already written.  Here is what it says about XYY. (read article)


•   XYY Syndrome (2003) Developmental Disabilities Digest overview concerning the condition. (read article)


•   XYY Males:  An Orientation  The booklet was published by the Turner Center in Risskov, Denmark, in order to give better information to XYY boys and their parents as well as to adult XYY males.  Although it was written for XYY males and their relatives, it was also the intention of the authors that it could be read by genetic counsellors, physicians, teachers and others who come into contact with XYY boys and adult XYY males. (read and download)


•   XYY Syndrome This is a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD).  The brief abstract is free and NORD charges $7.50 for a copy of the complete report. (read abstract) (buy and download)


•   XYY Syndrome The Genetics Home Reference overview provided as a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.  (read article)


•   Information Sheet:  XYY Syndrome A very brief fact sheet published by the Society for the Study of Behavioral Phenotypes (UK). (read article)


•   XYY Syndrome This is another reference to the report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), in this case from the WebMD website. The brief abstract is free and NORD charges $7.50 for a copy of the complete report. (read abstract) (buy and download)


•   New Light on the Role of Sex Chromosomes in Health and Disease  An article concerning the work of the NIH/National Human Genome Research Institute to understand the role of the X and Y chromosomes on health and disease. (read article)

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Chromosomics & Genetics of XYY Syndrome

•   What is a Chromosome? The Genetics Home Reference overview to a chromosome, provided as a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. (read article)



•   Karyotype Image of XYY Syndrome An introducton to cytogenetics (the study of chromosomes and chromosome abnormalities), showing an image of the karyotype of a human male with an extra Y chromosome. (read article)



•   Your Genetic Destiny:  Know Your Genes, Secure Your Health, Save Your Life This is a 2001 book written by Dr. Aubrey Milunsky for people who are concerned about their “genetic destiny.” It is intended for the general public, and can be read from cover to cover, or by picking specific chapters or topis of interest. You may want to start with Chapter 4, addressing males with an extra Y chromosome.  Use the Amazon.com link for a preview. (read review) (order from Amazon.com)



•   Your Genes, Your Choices: Exploring the Issues Raised by Genetic Research This book, written by Catherine Baker, provides a great introduction to the Human Genome Project, the science behind it, and the ethical, legal, and social issues that are raised by the project. It can be downloaded and read for free. (download)



•   Genomics 101: A Primer A one-page article that explains how cells, chromosomes, DNA and proteins are related, and provides a great primer to the wonder of having a whole extra chromosome. (read article)



•   Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics A one-page overview concerning the policy and ethical issues raised by the Human Genome Project. (read article)



•   Genetics and Human Behavior: The Ethical Context This article discusses the history of biological explanations for human behavior, focusing on the previous genetic and physiological explanations of crime associated with XYY. (read article)

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Resources

•   Language-based Learning Disabilities An introduction to language-based learning disabilities by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) (read article)


•   Learning Disability Resources Frequently Asked Questions concerning the neurodevelopmental assessments and related reports provided by Dr. Mel Levine and his associates.  Whether you’re considering this group, or an alternative resource, these questions are important to keep in mind for neurological-related learning disabilities. (read article)


•   Bright Futures at Georgetown University—Family Tip Sheets Bright Futures is a national health promotion initiative dedicated to the principle that every child deserves to be healthy and that optimal health involves a trusting relationship between the health professional, the child, the family and the community.  This page links to some excellent suggestions. (visit website)


•   Parents Guide to Finding Help for Young Children at Risk for Disabilities: Birth through 5 (2005) A 16-page free publication from the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, this guide is written for parents who are concerned about their young child’s development or suspect that he or she may have special needs.  The guide is designed to help parents start to learn what their child may need and to find professionals and other families who can help. (download HTML version) (download PDF version)  (download Spanish version)


•   Resource Guide for Adults with Disabilities (2004) A 17-page free publication from the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, this guide provides a list of resources to help adults get started in finding organizations that provide information, referral, and/or direct services concerning employment issues; post-secondary education; recreation; accessibility and accommodations; assistive technology that can help persons with disabilities function more effectively at home, on the job, and in the community; and independent living.  (download HTML version) (download PDF version)


•   State-by-State Guide to Finding Early Intervention and Special Education Services The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities compiles disability-related resources in each state, and creates State Resource Sheets. These resource sheets can be located on this website, and may assist you to locate organizations and agencies within your state that address disability-related issues, including state agencies serving children and youth with disabilities; state chapters of disability organizations and parent groups; and parent training and information projects. (visit website)

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Treatment Resources: XYY Syndrome-Specific Resources

•   What is Early Intervention? This article, from the US Department of Education, addresses the importance of early intervention services for children of school age or younger who are discovered to have, or be at risk of developing, a handicapping condition or other special need that may affect their development. (read article)



•   Developmental Assessment:  What is it? This web page contains a series of links to the content that was previously located on the Virtual Hospital / Virtual Childrens’ Hospital website (which closed as of January 1, 2006) (visit website)



•   Neurodevelopmental Assessment:  What is it?   This article describes the types of testing involved in a neurodevelomental assessment, which is designed to determine a student’s profile of neurodevelopmental functions and to link these functions to the student’s academic skills in order to explain how they learn and as a way to help reveal why a student may be struggling in school. (read article)



•   Childhood Speech and Language Delay
  •   Speech and Language Impairments A 5-page fact sheet concerning speech and language impairments published by the The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (download HTML version) (download PDF version)
  
  
  
  •   Speech and Language Delay: What Does This Mean for My Child? This article provides a general overview of the topic by the American Academy of Family Physicians.(read article)
  
  
  
  •   Early Identification of Speech-Language Delays and Disorders A discussion of what to look for in young children, and what to do about it if you notice the possiblity of a speech and language delay. (read article)
  
  
  
  •   Helping Children with Communication Disorders in the Schools-Speaking, Listening, Reading, & Writing Frequently asked questions concerning communication disorders from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) (read article)
  
  
  
  •   Types of Speech and Language Disorders Don’t let the “tech-talk” overwhelm you…  An alphabetical list of the most commonly-encountered speech and language disorders is provided by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) (read article)
  
  
  

•   Adult Speech & Language Disorders

  
  
  •   Adult Communicaton Disorders A discussion of the most common types of adult communication disorders is provided by the Canadian Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists (read article)
  
  
  
  •   Adult Communication Disorders A much more detailed discussion of adult communication disorders, from the Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Chapter 3) (read chapter)

   

•   Overview of Sensory Processing Disorder
  A discussion describing sensory processing disorder from the KID Foundation, which also includes a variety of links to more detailed discussions, intervention, treatment and resources. (visit website)





•   Sensory Processing Disorder vs. Attention Deficit Disorder
  A brief comparison of two “look-alike” disabilities from the KID Foundation website, which also includes a variety of links to more detailed discussions, intervention, treatment and resources. (read article)





•   Adults with Sensory Defensiveness
  Sensory defensiveness is a neural processing disorder that affects modulation of sensory input, and which triggers an inappropriate response to an otherwise harmless stimulus.  The purpose of this web page is to offer information to adults with this condition, including a questionaire to help determine if they are experiencing sensory defensiveness and, if so, a series of references to learn more about it. (visit webpage)





•   SPD Network Links for Adults Who Have Sensory Processing Disorder
  A series of links to information and resources from the Sensory Processing Disorder community website sponsored by the KID Foundation (visit website)





•   Understanding Auditory Processing Disorders in Children
  An article focusing on recognizing, diagnosing and treating auditory processing disorders (APD) from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) (read article)





•   Temporal Processing
  A discussion of “temporal processing” – the rate at which an individual can process auditory information - and the impact of temporal processing anomalies on the ability to develop appropriate listening and language skills. (read article)





•   Hypotonia

  •   Infantile Hypotonia Information The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes’ (NINDS) discussion of hypotonia, or severely reduced muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle), in children. (read article)
  
  
  
  •   Hypotonia Wikipedia is an organically growing encyclopedia composed by anyone who is interested in a topic and elects to edit and improve on what is already written.  Here is what it says about hypotonia. (read article)
  
  
  
  •   Hypotonia Reference Guide A discussion of hypotonia, and its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment from Penn State Children’s Hospital (read article)

   

•   Childhood Apraxia of Speech

  •   Apraxia of Speech Apraxia of speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, is a speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently. This document by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), a division of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), concerning its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. (read article)
  
  
  
  •   What is Developmental Apraxia of Speech? This is an article describing developmental apraxia of speech (DAS), a speech disorder that interferes with a child’s ability to correctlypronounce sounds, syllables and words, as well as what can be done to address it.  (read article)

  
  
  

•   Developmental Coordination Disorder or Developmental Dyspraxia
  The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes’ (NINDS) discussion of developmental dyspraxia, a disorder characterized by an impairment in the ability to plan and carry out sensory and motor tasks. (read article)

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Research Advances

•   Stimulant Medication in 47, XYY Syndrome: A report of two cases A 2005 article from Norweigen doctors Ruud, Arnesen, Stray, Vildalen and Vesterhaus, published in Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 14: pp 559-562.  The case study addresses two XYY males, ages 11 and 12, who were referred for attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A team that included a neuropsychologist, a physiotherapist, and a physician examined them. Stature (patients were above 97.5% height for age), muscle consistency, and tremor indicated chromosome analysis. Psychological tests results did not fully fit the ADHD diagnosis. On the basis of the team’s clinical observation, a stimulant medication (methylphenidate) was administered, and led to improved motor and cognitive functions as well as social adaptation in both patients.  (buy and download)



•   Root lengths in 47,XXY males’s permanent teeth A 2004 article by Lahdesmaki and Alvesalo, published in the Journal of Dental Research, 83(10):771-775, investigating the permanent tooth root lengths in 47,XYY males. The results indicate longer tooth roots in 47,XYY males compared with those in control males and females, suggesting that the promoting effect of the Y chromosome on dental growth continues in the form of root dentin after the completion of crown growth. (read article)



•   The XYY syndrome: A follow-up study on 38 boys A 2003 article by Belgian research scientists Geerts, Steyaert and Fryns, published in Genetic Counseling (Geneva, Swirtzerland) 14:(3) 267-279.  This case study reports observations of 38 XYY males, of which 12 were diagnosed prenatally. The researchers found that these patients are at considerably increased risk for delayed language and/or motor development. From birth on, weight, height and head circumference are above average values. The majority attends kindergarten in the normal education circuit, although in 50% of the cases psychosocial problems are documented. From primary school age on, the researchers report an increased risk for child psychiatric disorders such as autism.  Moreover, although normally intelligent, they remark that many of these boys are referred to special education programmes. (read abstract)

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Y Chromosome News

•   Finished Y Chromosome Sequence Reveals a Genomic “Crystal Palace” A description of the work of a team of 40 researchers to sequence the Y chromosome, and their finding that it is much more interesting and complex than previously believed.  (read article)



•   Genome biology: Tales of the Y chromosome Huntington Willard writes for Nature that determining the sequence of the human Y chromosome presented a daunting challenge to genomic researchers, but that with the task is now completed, the secrets revealed justify the effort. (read article)



•   A Physical Map of the Human Y $Chromosome$ A report on a high-resolution physical map of a major portion of the Y chromosome (Warning: this gets very technical!) (read article)

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